top of page
Search

Do Birth Control Pills Have Side Effects?


The birth control pill or oral contraceptive pill, commonly known as "the pill," is one of the most widely used and trusted methods of birth control globally. It is a small, easy-to-take tablet that contains hormones designed to prevent unintended pregnancies with high efficacy.

While the pill is celebrated for its convenience and effectiveness, it is equally important to understand how it interacts with your body and the possible side effects that might arise. Whether you’re just considering starting the pill or are already a user, being informed can empower you to make the best choices for your health.

Key takeaways:

  • Side Effects: While the birth control pill is effective for most women, it can cause side effects in some women such as mood swings, acne, and more.

  • Managing Side Effects: There are ways to manage side effects like mood swings, including diet changes, exercise, and consulting a doctor for alternative contraceptive methods.

  • Understanding the Pill's Impact: The pill doesn’t affect fertility long-term, it only temporarily stops ovulation as long as you are using it.

  • Making Informed Decisions: It is vital to consult with a doctor to understand how the pill may interact with your body and lifestyle.

The Birth Control Pill: How It Works


The Birth Control Pill: How It Works

The birth control pill prevents pregnancy by using hormones to control your body’s natural processes. Here's how it works:

  • Prevents Ovulation: Normally, the ovaries release an egg every month (ovulation). The pill prevents this from happening, so there’s no egg for the sperm to fertilize.

  • Thickens Cervical Mucus: The pill makes the mucus in the cervix thicker, which blocks the sperm from reaching the egg.

  • Thins the Uterine Lining: It makes the lining of the uterus thinner, so even if an egg gets fertilized, it is unlikely to stick and grow.


Common Side Effects of the Birth Control Pill

Birth control pills are generally suitable for most women. However, some women may experience some mild and manageable symptoms or side effects while using the pill.

Changes in Weight and Appetite

One of the most frequently discussed side effects of the pill is weight gain or changes in appetite. While the evidence linking the pill directly to weight gain is minimal, some women report an increase in hunger or fluid retention. The hormonal changes can cause fluctuations in the metabolism, which may affect weight, but these changes are usually modest.

Mood Swings and Emotional Changes

For some people, the pill can affect mood due to the changes in hormone levels. Some women may experience mood swings or irritability when using birth control pills. Since mood is influenced by hormones in the body, temporary mood changes as the body adjusts to the pills are normal. These usually subside in some time. If you feel unusually emotional or down, it is important to speak with your doctor about potential alternatives.

Acne and Skin Changes

Common Side Effects of the Birth Control Pill changes in weight and appetite mood swings and emotional changes acne and skin changes Headaches and Migraines Missed Periods or Changes in the Menstrual Cycle Breast Tenderness or Changes in Size
Image by Freepik

The pill can sometimes lead to acne, especially during the first few months of use. This happens because some types of progestins in some formulations of the pill have androgenic (male-hormone-like) properties. Hence, these can increase the production of sebum, the oil on your skin, which can lead to clogged pores and acne breakouts. On the flip side, some pills, especially those containing a higher dose of estrogen and a progestin with anti-androgenic properties, may help clear up acne by balancing hormones.

Breast Tenderness or Changes in Size

It is common for some women to experience breast tenderness or slight changes in breast size when taking the pill. This is typically due to the hormonal fluctuations caused by synthetic estrogen and progesterone. The effects are usually temporary, and many women notice a reduction in tenderness after a few months.

Missed Periods or Changes in the Menstrual Cycle

For some women, the pill can cause periods to become lighter, more regular, or even stop altogether. This is particularly true for progesterone-only pills or extended cycle pill use, which are designed to reduce the frequency of menstruation. While this can be a benefit for many women, others might feel concerned about missing periods. If you've missed a period, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy.

Headaches and Migraines

Headaches, including migraines, are a possible side effect of the pill. This is particularly true for women who are prone to migraines or have a history of them. For these women, estrogen-containing pills can increase the frequency and severity of headaches. If this occurs, talk to your doctor, who may suggest a different type of pill or method of contraception.

Possible Long-Term Effects of the Pill

Over the long term, the pill can have an impact on your reproductive system and overall health, but these effects vary from person to person.

Impact on Fertility

Possible Long-Term Effects of the Pill Impact on Fertility pcos and hormonal imbalance risk of blood clots

One of the most common concerns about using the birth control pill is whether it might affect the ability to have children later in life. Thankfully, research shows that the pill does not cause infertility. Once you stop taking the pills, your body resumes its menstrual cycle, and ovulation (the release of an egg) typically begins within a few weeks to a few months.

What does this mean? 

  • Most women who want to conceive after stopping the pill can do so within a few months, similar to those who’ve never used it.

  • For some women, it might take a bit longer for their cycle to regulate, but this is more about the individual rather than the effect of the pill.

In short, the pill provides a temporary pause in ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovaries, which is needed for the sperm to fertilise), not a permanent one.

PCOS and Hormonal Imbalance

The birth control pill is often prescribed as a management for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries work. PCOS can cause symptoms like irregular periods, acne, and excess body hair, and the pill helps by regulating hormones and making cycles more predictable.

Some common concerns that women have with regard to the pill and PCOS are:

  • Does the pill cause PCOS? 

    No, the pill does not cause PCOS. PCOS is linked to genetic and lifestyle factors, and there’s no evidence that taking the pill can create this condition.

  • Why is the pill used for PCOS? 

    It helps manage symptoms like irregular periods by maintaining steady hormone levels. This doesn’t cure PCOS but makes it easier to live with.

If you have PCOS and are concerned about using the pill, talk to your doctor about how it fits into your treatment plan.

Risk of Blood Clots

While the birth control pill is generally safe for most people, it does carry a slightly increased risk of blood clots. Data suggests that there is a 0.05% increase in the risk of blood clots for women who are using the pill. This happens because the hormones in the pill, particularly estrogen, can make the blood a bit more likely to clot. Women over 35, smokers, and those with a personal or family history of blood clots should be especially cautious.

If you’re at higher risk, your doctor may recommend a progesterone-only pill or a non-hormonal birth control option.

Managing the Side Effects of the Pill

If you're experiencing any side effects, it is essential to know that you don't have to just "live with them." Although these side effects subside in some time, here are a few tips for managing common issues:

  • Switch Pills:

    Not all birth control pills are created equal. Different brands and formulations use varying combinations and dosages of hormones, which means some may suit your body better than others.

    If you're dealing with persistent side effects like nausea, headaches, or mood changes, talk to your doctor. They might recommend a different pill depending on your needs. This helps because a small adjustment in hormone levels can often resolve the discomfort you’re experiencing.

  • Diet and Exercise:

    Managing the Side Effects of the Pill switch pills diet and exercise Regular Check-ins with Your Doctor

    Hormonal changes from the pill can sometimes lead to weight fluctuations or mood swings, but your lifestyle choices can make a big difference.

    Focus on nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to stabilize blood sugar levels, which can help with mood regulation and weight management. Regular physical activity, like yoga, walking, or dancing, can reduce stress and balance your mood while helping manage weight changes.

  • Regular Check-ins with Your Doctor:

    It is essential to stay in touch with your doctor, especially if side effects are affecting your quality of life.

    Your doctor can assess whether your side effects are temporary (as your body adjusts to the pill) or if a different contraception might suit you better. Be open about all symptoms, even if they seem minor - like changes in mood, headaches, or irregular bleeding. This information helps your doctor provide the best advice for you.

Conclusion

The birth control pill is an effective and widely used form of birth control, but it is important to understand how it works and what side effects it may cause. By being aware of potential issues like mood swings, acne, and changes in your menstrual cycle, you can take steps to manage them. Always consult with a doctor before starting or changing your contraceptive method to ensure you’re making the best choice for your body and health.

For more information on contraception and women’s health, visit Duly Care’s blog and explore our range of products designed to empower you to make informed decisions about your reproductive health.



Frequently Asked Questions

  • Does the pill cause weight gain?

    While there’s no clear evidence linking the pill to significant weight gain, some women experience changes in appetite or fluid retention, which can lead to slight weight fluctuations.

  • Can the pill cause depression?

    For some women, the pill can influence mood due to hormonal changes, but these are usually temporary and subside in some time. If any mood swings or symptoms of depression persist, speak with your doctor about switching pills or exploring other contraceptive options.

  • Can the pill stop periods?

    Some types of birth control pills, particularly extended-cycle pill use, can stop periods or make them lighter. Missing periods while on the pill is usually normal, but pregnancy should be ruled out if you miss a period.

  • Does the pill cause acne?

    The pill can sometimes cause acne, especially during the initial months. However, some pills may help clear acne by balancing hormone levels. If acne persists, talk to your doctor.

Important

This blog, including its text, images, and infographics, is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. For personalized advice, always consult a doctor.

Further Reading

For more details on this or related topics, refer to the papers listed in the references below, or check out the other blogs on our website dulycare.in.

References

Comments

bottom of page