Common Symptoms to Expect in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy: A Complete Guide

Duly Care
6 days ago
6 min read

Often referred to as the "honeymoon phase" of pregnancy, the second trimester may bring relief from the intense nausea and fatigue of the first trimester. However, it also comes with its own range of physical and emotional changes. Understanding what symptoms are considered common - and why they happen - can help expectant mothers feel more in control and informed about their journey.

Key Takeaways:

Pregnancy is medically divided into three stages known as trimesters, each lasting around three months. Pregnancy progresses into the second trimester between weeks 13 and 26, often bringing relief from early symptoms like nausea and fatigue. This stage marks noticeable physical growth of the baby and visible changes in the pregnant person's body.
Hormonal changes continue during the second trimester, but the body starts to adapt to them. Symptoms like increased appetite, mood swings, and visible changes in the breasts, skin, and belly may occur as the baby and uterus grow.
Other common second-trimester symptoms include physical changes such as a growing bump, leg cramps, constipation, and stretch marks, along with emotional fluctuations, increased energy, and changes in vaginal discharge or libido. Most are normal responses to hormonal and anatomical shifts.
To manage these symptoms, it is recommended to make lifestyle adjustments like eating fibre-rich food, staying hydrated, using body pillows for sleep, and light physical activity. Regular checkups help track progress and catch any concerning symptoms early.

What Is Pregnancy and How Does It Begin?

How Pregnancy Happens

In the menstrual cycle, during ovulation (usually around day 14 of a typical 28-day cycle), the egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube. If it meets sperm along the way, fertilisation or conception can occur. The resulting fertilised egg, now called a zygote, travels down into the uterus and implants itself in the inner lining of the uterus. This implantation officially marks the beginning of pregnancy.

One of the very first signs that one might be pregnant is a missed period. For many women, this is what leads them to take a pregnancy test in the first place. A missed period happens because once pregnancy begins, the body stops its regular monthly cycle. Instead, hormones like hCG, estrogen, and progesterone rise to support the growth of the baby. While a missed period is the most common early clue, it’s not the only sign

Understanding Trimesters

Pregnancy typically lasts 9 months, and it is medically divided into three stages known as trimesters, each lasting around three months:

First trimester: From weeks 1 to 12
Second trimester: From weeks 13 to 26
Third trimester: From weeks 27 to birth

Each trimester brings its own developmental milestones for the baby and different physical and hormonal changes for the pregnant woman.

Pregnancy Symptoms in the Second Trimester (Weeks 13–26)

As hormone levels shift and the uterus expands, the body experiences a range of changes. Below are the most commonly reported second-trimester symptoms.

Body Changes and Discomforts

Abdominal enlargement: The uterus grows rapidly in the second trimester, leading to a visibly expanding belly and occasional stretching sensations.
Round ligament pain: This is a sharp or dull pain on one or both sides of the lower abdomen caused by the stretching of ligaments that support the uterus.
Backache: As posture shifts to support a growing belly, strain on the lower back muscles may cause discomfort or pain.
Breast enlargement: The breasts may continue to grow in preparation for breastfeeding, accompanied by tenderness or itchiness.
Skin stretching and itchiness: Expanding skin around the abdomen or breasts can become dry and itchy.

Skin and Pigmentation Changes

Darkening of the areolas: The area around the nipples may become darker due to hormonal changes.
Linea nigra: A dark vertical line may appear on the abdomen, running from the belly button to the pubic area.
Melasma (pregnancy mask): Brown patches may appear on the face, especially on the cheeks and forehead, due to increased melanin production.

Digestive System Changes

Increased appetite: Hormonal shifts and baby growth may lead to a noticeable increase in hunger.
Heartburn and indigestion: As the uterus presses against the stomach, food and acid can move back up the oesophagus, causing discomfort.
Constipation: Hormones like progesterone slow down bowel movements, leading to infrequent or difficult stools.

Circulatory and Cardiovascular Symptoms

Varicose veins: Enlarged, twisted veins may appear, especially in the legs, as blood volume increases.
Nosebleeds and gum bleeding: Increased blood flow can make nasal passages and gums more sensitive and prone to bleeding.
Dizziness or light-headedness: Blood pressure may drop during this trimester, causing momentary dizziness, especially when standing up quickly.

Energy and Sleep Changes

Increased energy: Many people feel more energetic in the second trimester compared to the first.
Trouble sleeping: Growing discomfort or frequent urination can make it difficult to get quality sleep.

Emotional and Mental Health Shifts

Mood stability or changes: Hormone fluctuations may still affect mood, but many report feeling more emotionally balanced in this trimester.
Increased bonding with pregnancy: Feeling foetal movements can lead to stronger emotional attachment to the pregnancy.

Foetal Movements

Quickening: Around week 18–22, the first flutters of foetal movement, known as quickening, can be felt. These may feel like light kicks or gentle rolling inside the womb.

Tips to Manage Common Second Trimester Symptoms

Managing Physical Discomfort

Use proper posture: This can help ease back pain as the centre of gravity shifts.
Wear supportive clothing: A maternity belt or comfortable bra can help reduce strain on ligaments and muscles.
Apply moisturiser: To manage itchy skin or stretch marks, gentle moisturisers may help soothe dryness.

Supporting Digestive Health

Eat smaller, frequent meals: This helps reduce heartburn and indigestion by preventing overeating.
Stay hydrated: Drinking enough fluids supports digestion and reduces constipation.
Include fibre-rich foods: Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables can help ease constipation.

Caring for Skin and Circulation

Protect the skin from sun exposure: Wearing sunscreen helps reduce melasma and skin sensitivity.
Elevate legs when resting: This can improve circulation and reduce swelling or varicose veins.

Promoting Better Sleep and Energy Balance

Sleep on the left side: This improves blood flow to the placenta and reduces pressure on veins.
Use pillows for support: Placing a pillow between the legs or under the belly may reduce discomfort.
Engage in gentle physical activity: Prenatal yoga or walking can improve energy and support mental well-being.

When to See a Doctor

While many symptoms are normal, it’s important to maintain regular prenatal check-ups and always inform your doctor about anything unusual. Immediate attention is needed if any of the following occur:

Severe abdominal pain or cramping
Persistent vomiting or inability to eat or drink
Heavy vaginal bleeding or fluid leakage
Severe headaches, vision changes, or swelling in the face
Sudden shortness of breath or chest pain
Signs of urinary tract infections, such as burning while peeing or lower abdominal pain

Conclusion

The second trimester is often seen as a more balanced phase of pregnancy, but that doesn’t mean it’s without challenges. Staying informed about your body’s changes can help you feel more prepared, reduce unnecessary worry, and allow you to take steps toward a healthy pregnancy. Each body is unique - what matters most is paying attention and taking care of yourself with patience and care.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which trimester is the hardest?
Many people find the first trimester hardest due to nausea, fatigue, and hormonal changes. However, this varies for each individual.
Which trimester is safest for travel?
The second trimester is usually considered the safest and most comfortable time to travel during pregnancy.
Is it normal to have cramps during the second trimester?
Yes, mild cramps can happen as the uterus stretches. However, persistent or painful cramps should be checked by a doctor.
Which trimester is best for dental treatment?
The second trimester is the safest time for dental cleanings or minor procedures, as the baby is more stable and you’re more comfortable.

Important

This blog, including its text, images, and infographics, is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. For personalised advice, always consult a doctor.

References

National Center for Biotechnology Information Bookshelf. Antepartum Care in the Second and Third Trimester. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448166/
Circulation (American Heart Association). Cardiovascular Physiology of Pregnancy. 2014. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009029
International Journal of Women’s Health. Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): Reliability, Challenges, and Future Directions. 2023. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.575197/full (immunology); for NIPT reference see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noninvasive_prenatal_testing – though Wikipedia is not a peer-reviewed source, can cite specific studies within that page if needed.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Pityrosporum folliculitis during pregnancy: a possible cause of pruritic folliculitis. 2005. https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(05)00853-9/fulltext